The rate of photosynthesis and plant growth is often rate limited by the activity of the CO2-fixing enzyme Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco).

Plants are sessile organisms and are therefore unable to seek out environmental conditions optimal for their growth and development.

Plant scientists are in a race against time to adapt modern crops to future environments, many of which are predicted to be hotter and drier.

Synthetic gene circuits are a new biotechnological framework for the generation of organisms harbouring user-defined gene expression patterns and other genetic functions.

The fungus Fusarium oxysporum causes devastating wilt diseases in plants.

Given the global rates of freshwater depletion and the lack of replenishment in many regions including Saudi Arabia, the use of seawater as a primary source of irrigation for cropping may be our only viable option.