Fungal pathogens of crop plants are a major cause for yield loss and a critical concern for global food security.

Nitrogen is a key determinant of crop productivity as the acquisition of nitrogen is crucial for photosynthesis and growth.

Legumes can get infected by both symbionts and parasites, often concurrently, in the field.

Although fire plays an essential role in some ecosystems, it can also have adverse ecological impacts, particularly in a changing climate.

Fungal phytopathogens secrete a litany of molecules during their infection of a plant host, including virulence factors like effector proteins. Secreted virulence factors function in the apoplast of host tissues or are trafficked into host cells.

Mangroves provide critical ecosystem services from protection of coastlines and coastal communities, to their role as a carbon sink.