Why are sex differences the result of biological and economic forces? How do mating market conditions affect gendered violence?

The extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli lineages STs 131, 73 and 95, of the phylogroup B2 are equally likely to be responsible for hospital- and community-acquired human extra-intestinal disease.

Phylogenetic inference is the process of reconstructing relationships between species from genomic sequence data. The reliability of phylogenetic analysis relies on the quality of the data and the fitness of the substitution models.

Escherichia coli extraintestinal infections (ExPEC) cause significant disease in humans and companion animals (cats and dogs).

What is the effect of male age under sexual selection? Studies testing for age effects on reproduction have largely focused on female ageing and maternal effects, and the magnitude and direction of male age effects remain poorly understood.

Social behaviors are essential to the lives of many animals. “Complex” social behaviors are interactions among conspecifics take many forms, including repeated associations with particular individuals, interactions that differ across different contexts, or coordinated behaviors among many individuals.