The study of animal ‘personality’, or consistent individual differences in behaviour, has received much attention in the last two decades, but several important questions remain unclear.

Animals live in an ever-changing world, but environmental perturbations are occurring at an alarming rate - threatening biodiversity and population persistence.

I examine how some established population genetic models can be extended to accommodate insights from newer data and analytic methods.

Individuals can benefit by varying their investment in offspring. The optimal amount of investment may vary in relation to both climatic conditions and social conditions (such as the number of carers for the offspring).

Why do organisms look the way they do? Why do they live where they do? Wy are some groups more diverse than others? These basic questions are often addressed at different scales using a particular set of methods.

Vegetation structure is an important habitat element for many animals.