Extremely short, or tiny, fragments of RNA – working copies of our genetic code – play a critical role in keeping the immune system in check, preventing inflammation and the onset of autoimmune disease, according to an international team of researchers led by scientists from The Hudson Institute of Medical Research in collaboration with The Australian National University (ANU).
The discovery of a new critical enzyme could help engineer climate resilient crops capable of sucking far more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in a much more efficient way.
Researchers have discovered why malaria parasites are vulnerable to some drug therapies but resistant to others, offering scientists another piece of the puzzle in the global fight against the disease.
A low-cost, non-toxic cancer treatment has been developed by researchers at The Australian National University (ANU). The treatment uses dead bacteria to help kick-start the immune system and shrink cancer.
Autotransporters are a large family of bacterial secreted and/or outer membrane proteins that play key roles in the pathogenesis of many infectious diseases.
Mutations in the gene encoding the human ATP-binding Cassette (ABC) transporter ABCA4 are implicated in several visual disorders including Stargardt’s disease, an early onset macular dystrophy.
P-glycoprotein is an ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) transporter, expressed at numerous sanctuary sites protecting the body against xenobiotics. Overexpression of P-glycoprotein in cancer cells is associated with a multidrug resistance phenotype.
Glucose and lactate are critical metabolites for most living organisms. In certain circumstances, such as during the intra-erythrocytic stage of malaria parasites and in the glycolytic cancer cells, glycolysis provides the main energy by breaking down the glucose into lactate.
Immunotherapy is a re-emerging alternative to other invasive and debilitating cancer treatments. Monoclonal antibodies that disrupt immune checkpoint molecules, such as PD1 or CTLA4, continually demonstrate great promise.
Membrane transport proteins, also known as transporters, are crucial for the maintenance of cell physiology by facilitating the movement of ions, nutrients, metabolites, and waste across cell membranes.