Rubisco is a critical enzyme in the carbon fixation reactions of photosynthesis, however it is catalytically slow and non-specific.

By 2050, food production may need to increase by up to 70% in order to feed a global population of an estimated 9.7 billion people.

The urgent need to find alternatives to petroleum-based fuels and products is driven by concerns for the environment, dwindling fossil fuel reserves, and the issue of energy security.

Gene silencing induced by small RNAs (sRNAs) is an important mechanism responsible for many crucial physiological responses in plants, such as genome integrity, defense against virus, adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses and regulation of development.

Accelerated gene evolution is a hallmark of pathogen adaptation and is crucial to enable host-range expansions and host-jumps

The emergence and implementation of Cas endonuclease technology has undoubtedly taken plant research and biotechnology to a higher level.